Whose life is it anyway is not just a play about a man who has lost the will to live Essay Example

Whose life is it anyway is not just a play about a man who has lost the will to live Essay In the play Whose life is it anyway? the man who has lost the will to live is most prominently someone suffering from some form of hindrance. The author Brian Clark puts forward an indefinite idea of uncertainty for the mans future. Throughout the play it continues to make us contemplate on the issues of quality of life, personal choice, authority and relationships. It is for these reasons that the play is more than simply the idea of a mans will of life.A man who had a substantial quality to perform what he lives for would have the urge to live on. However, if he deteriorated to a quadriplegic like Ken (the main character in the play) yet before, experienced a life with all the passion, freedom, love and creation he wanted then what would the effect have on him? After Ken realises he has no chance to survive without dependency on hospitals for the rest of his life he chooses to be discharged. I will spend most of life in hospital not able to move. As far as I can see, that is a act of deliberate cruelty.I dont wish to die, nor do I wish to live at any price. Of course I want to live but as far as I am concerned, Im dead already. I merely require the doctors to recognize the fact. I cannot accept this condition constitutes life in any real sense at all.Personal choice is valuable to everyone. Those who have it should cherish it as it keeps us intact in what we want. Yet, Kens choice of life is hindered when Dr. Emerson deliberately injects a Valium needle into him when he knew Ken refused it initially. Doctor, I didnt give you permission to stick that needle in me. Why did you do it? The choice to die structures a belief that you are incapable, depressed, and fearful etc. Mr. Hill (Kens solicitor) explains to Ken after his request in being discharged what is occurring. Mr. Harrison, I will be perfectly plain. Dr. Emerson claims that you are not in a sufficiently healthy mental state to make a rational decision Despite this outlook Mr. Hill decides to help grant Kens wishes to die as he believes Ken mentally stable by talking to him. Mr. Hill is not forced to and deep down he does not enjoy the idea to justify his client to die. Can anyone prove that they are sane? Both these examples show that personal choice is very important as it can be taken away or used for good pretenses.Authority over others becomes a dilemma when we are actually questioning the law of control over human lives. Whether it is crossing boundaries of mankind to decide what is the justification of another mans life. Resulting in not serving the truthful purpose it once was as a basis of keeping humans rectified. resides in the fact that choice is removed from the man concerned. This statement meaning Kens request of euthanasia was contradicted and he has limited power over those around him.Examining the hierarchy of society, the control over others in a pyramidal imaginative diagram is situated where positions decide the fate of others. For example a judge measures the truthfulness from deceiving lips of mankind and how innocent one really is where as citizens rely on the doctors profession to rescue their lives.A doctor cannot accept the choice for death; hes committed to life. When a patient is brought into my unit, hes in a bad way. I dont stand about thinking whether or not its worth saving his life, I havent time for doubts. I get in there and do whatever I can to save life.Relationships in this play revolve in a web of interchanging roles. Professionalism becomes personal, as people believe that a medical or psychological opinion is usually better than what an unstable individual feels. He may be unqualified but he is the one affected. Dr. Scott argues with Dr. Emerson Kens case. Although other medical professionals working around him for a long time become aware of their feelings for a man wanting to die is stronger than imagined. When Ken goes to court, Sister Anderson who had been seeing Ken for the last couple of months and attending hi m showed concern for him. I thought this morning, when he was talking about the compensation, he was beginning to plan for the future. Therefore, this proves the play does not only include the man who has lost the will to live but others play an important part in the play to contribute emotion and feedback.Evidently, Whose life is it anyway is not just a play explaining a man who has lost the will to live. This is due to the main themes of quality of life, personal choice, authority and relationships, which adds to the complex nature of the play. Ken repeatedly emphasizes the point that It is not undignified if the man wants to stay alive, but I must restate that the dignity starts with his choice. He chooses a dignified death. After all these conflicts for someone to finally emerge to resulting in death it is still an extensive revelation given the chance to continue life.

How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions Essay Example

How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions Essay Example How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions Essay How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions Essay Parliament is designed to keep the executive accountable ; therefore it goes about this by assorted agencies of authorities examination. such as Prime Minister’s Question Time. In add-on. Parliament is expected to execute a legislative map. making the procedure of a measure going a jurisprudence after undergoing many phases between the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Finally. Parliament is besides required to be representative of the state. with constituencies making a strong local nexus between the electorate and their MP. As Parliament is required to size up the executive. each hebdomad there is Prime Minister’s Questions giving backbench MPs the opportunity to set the Prime Minister under force per unit area and inquire him/her difficult inquiries. Often this hebdomadal meeting is a conflict between the party in authorities and the resistance for illustration on 29th February 2012. Ed Miliband criticised the alliance authorities on the topic of the NHS reforms when he reported that Nick Clegg’s support of the reform varied depending on the day of the week as the Liberal Democrats had allegedly sent out different messages about the Health and Social Care Bill for England. However MPs of the authorities have been known to size up their ain party leader. particularly if they are non content with the work in their constituency. Although. since Tony Blair reduced Prime Minister’s Question clip to merely one time a hebdomad. the inquiries posed are non answered exhaustively as there is non much clip. this besides allows for fewer inquiries to be asked. Furthermore. many Prime Minister’s have been able to ease through Prime Minister’s Questions as they had a big bulk like Tony Blair. This meant that there were non adequate size uping MPs on the resistance ; therefore the function of examination was non carried out so far. However. Prime Minister’s Question clip is non the lone beginning of Parliamentary examination as since 1979. each governmental section has had a choice commission who can name for persons. documents and records . ensuing is more unfastened authorities. which in bend reduced the power of the executive. Choice commissions are based in Portcullis House are made up of backbench MPs. of different parties therefore they are non party specific. Furthermore. the Liaison Committee besides now calls the Prime Minister to reply inquiries twice a twelvemonth. It has been said that select commissions have been a major factor in opening up the authorities over the past 20 old ages. for illustration in July 2007. the constitutional personal businesss commission decided that following a series of contentions. the function of the Attorney General in the ground forces was not sustainable’ and should be reformed. Nevertheless. the choice commissions consist of backbench MPs ; therefore they frequently reflect the workings of the authorities. Additionally. as the members of choice commissions are non experts in different Fieldss of cognition. they lack the expertness and power to significantly damage or question the authorities. The House of Lords besides play a cardinal function in examination as it has one power that the House of Commons does non: the upper chamber holds the power to protract the life of parliament beyond the normal five twelvemonth maximal term. for illustration the life of the Conservative authorities elected in 1935 was prolonged several times before stoping in 1945. Furthermore. the House of Lords’ cardinal function is to reexamine and amend the statute law passed from the House of Commons. As the House of Lords is more independent than the House of Commons. with a broad scope of cognition from many different Fieldss. the upper chamber is willing to stand up to the House of Commons. therefore get the better ofing the authorities ; Blair was defeated over three hundred times since his landslide triumph in 1997. This besides allows the upper chamber to detain measures for up to a twelvemonth to let for clip for amendment. for illustration in 2004. the Fox Hunting measure was delayed. But on the other manus. the Lords are merely able to detain a measure for one twelvemonth ; therefore they have no power to halt a measure wholly. particularly if there is a bulk in the House of Commons. In add-on. authorities can merely overrule the House of Lords. as on the 3rd juncture that a measure is rejected by the Lords. the elective Parks can coerce it onto the legislative act books against the Lords’ will. therefore by making a Parliament Act. However. examination is non the lone function of Parliament. as most people recognise it for its legislative map. to do statute law legitimate as the primary jurisprudence doing organic structure. As Parliament is moving on behalf of the electorate. the House of Commons has become the more dominant chamber in Parliament. Although measures can get down in either chamber. the Commons is where the bulk of statute law is introduced. and it passes over 100 measures each twelvemonth. However. the measures do non merely travel through to the Royal Ascent easy. the House of Lords bases in topographic point to reexamine and amend the white documents sent through from the House of Commons. for illustration the amendment of the Terror measure in 2005. Furthermore. the Lords are besides able to reject measures that it redeems unsuitable for illustration the old Labour government’s proposal of national ID cards. The input from the House of Lords into the jurisprudence devising procedure is highly valuable as it consists of experts in many different Fieldss including medical specialty ( Lord Winston ) and concern ( Lord Sugar ) . On the other manus. there are many defects to Parliament’s legislative map. Although the Salisbury Convention prevents the Godheads from barricading every piece of statute law that the Commons effort to base on balls. it basically means that if the party in power proposed a piece of statute law in their pronunciamento. they will acquire the measure through comparatively unopposed. While this seems harmless. it reflects that fact that if a authorities has a big bulk. the bulk of its proposals will be passed. taking to elected absolutism. Besides. every bit far as the Godheads can detain and reject measures from the House of Commons. they can be overruled by the usage of the Parliament Act. they are besides limited by the fact that they can merely detain statute law for up to a twelvemonth. Finally. as a representative democracy. is it necessary that Parliament is representative. therefore in the House of Commons. 650 MPs are elected to stand for single constituencies. making a strong nexus between the electorate and the administration of the state. besides established by MPs’ surgeries every Friday in their local constituency. This ensures that everybody is represented. In recent old ages. a larger attempt has been made to vouch that the House of Commons reflects a just word picture of our society. hence presently 22 % of MPs are adult females and 27 are cultural minorities. including a choice of female cultural minorities. for illustration Diane Abbott ( Labour ) . the first black female MP. This has lead to David Cameron’s A List of preferable campaigners. as he attempts to pull an ncreasing figure of female campaigners who are besides cultural minorities. Not merely does the lower chamber carry out a representative map. but besides the Godheads are known for stand foring the national involvement. As they are non elected. the Lords are less portion political than the Commons as 186 Godheads do non place themselves with a party. so sit on the crossbenches. Additionally. the Lords are appointed for their expertness in many different Fieldss. therefore they derive from many different walks of life. However. although Parliament efforts to be progressively representative. the First Past the Post electoral system produces a really unrepresentative House of Commons. as the figure of seats does non straight correlate to the figure of ballots ; this is clear as in 2005. Labor gained 35 % of the ballot yet managed to accomplish 55 % of the seats. In the 2010 election. the Broad Democrats had 23 % of the ballot. but merely gained 8. % of the seats in the House of Commons. this is besides true for UKIP. as they achieved over 1 million ballots. but they did non acquire a plurality in a individual constituency. doing failure to win a place in the House of Commons. In add-on. besides the figure of adult females in the House of Commons is increasing. it still merely stands at 22 % . which is non proportionate of the electorate. the deficiency of proportionality is besides true when it comes to the mean age of MPs. as it presently stands at 50. Finally. although the MPs are all elected. powe r still lies in the custodies of unelected people – the Lords. The Lords are. on norm. a batch older than the MPs. increasing the unrepresentative characteristic. but there are still 92 familial Godheads who are non even appointed for their great cognition and expertness. taking to the inquiry of pointless power. All things considered. Parliament holds a great trade of duty. nevertheless there are many restraints on the sum of power Parliament can keep. therefore it is unable to transport out all of its maps to full grade. For illustration. although the House of Commons deficiencies representation. it is more likely that MPs will be older as they have more political experience and therefore are respected more.

Robotics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Robotics - Research Paper Example This paper reviews the unethical implications related to the use of these lethal weaponry. It provides a platform of reasoning for the policy makers, the political class, military personnel, scientists and the general public on the impending consequences of replacing humans in war with robots. It evaluates both the adverse effects of rapid change from humans to remote controlled robots and lately, to automated robots capable of sensing, hearing, communicating, acting and the extend of their necessities. In the evaluation and analysis, the review attempts to center around the ethical implications surrounding usage of automated robots in the modern warfare. Introduction and background The use of automated robots has a long history which began in the late 1980s when researchers got involved in the investigations on the use of multiple mobile robot systems. Previously, most researchers have carried out research which mainly concentrated on distributed problem solving mechanism. The main areas of concern by then were multi- robot motion plan, architectures for multi- robot cooperation and cellular robot system. Humanoid robots were first used in factories. They were capable to carry out production work without human assistance. The use of mobile and remote controlled robots in the military began back during the World War II and the cold war. The Germans through Goliath tracked mines and Soviet teletanks (a soviet built robot tanker) were used. The predator planes or drones were first used by the CIA officials in collection of intelligence in a fantasy environment. The aerial robots could collect intelligence for the military officials. Traditionally, robots were regarded as a topic for fiction by scientists in warfare. The modern concept of use of robots in the warfare began to develop with the use of mechanics and the introduction of electrical power. As time went on and many soldiers lost their lives in the battle field, there arose need to automate robots so that they could take the role of humans. This was after the rise of issues of human rights in the 1920s, although with concern and focus on the aggressor. This is the time that humanoid machines were developed and the myth of use of robots forgotten. It was now a reality (Parker 1-10). Robots are now gaining momentum in the modern warfare, although their use dates far back in the 19th century. Automated robots are proving to be efficient in the battle field as they reduce human loses and can easily penetrate in dangerous zones and perform effective and efficient. It is now common that robots in form of unmanned air vehicles are widely used by the US in destroying their enemies. This is evident in the Middle East wars, for instance Iraq, Afghanistan and collection of intelligence in South Korea among other regions of the world. Today, the drones used in war are controlled by pilots on the ground but with technological advancement, the pilots will be able to dial in when needed by the rob ots to take a specific action. The officer would be like managers in the future as robots undertake their roles. This trend of deploying autonomous robots in the battled field is quite worrying with regard to the ethical use of these systems in conflicts. This technological advancement generates more questions that are unanswered. The central question rests on the principle of discrimination of the combatant, non combatants and the organizational structure of the

An assessment of the theoretical, methodological, and empirical Essay

An assessment of the theoretical, methodological, and empirical contribution of {your psychologist} to psychology and to society as a whole - Essay Example Carl Rogers is an American psychologist who became one of the founders of humanistic, client-centered (or later named person-centered), approach in practical and theoretical psychology. The scientist was born on January 8, 1902 in Oak Park, IL - a suburb of Chicago. He was the forth of the six children of a devout Christian housewife and a successful civil engineer. Carl was such a clever child that he already could read before going to the kindergarten. Since he learned to read in the early years he started his education from the second grade. At the age of 12 the family moved to a farm near Chicago where he had enough freedom to become a rather independent, isolated and self disciplined person. There a future therapist was brought up in a strict manner with a great number of chores, and according to the strict philosophy of his mother – a devout Christian. Such a life made Carl a somewhat isolated and independent introvert. Living on a farm leaved a mark on his first career choice. So he entered the University of Wisconsin Madison in order to major in agriculture. Later he switched to history, and finally religion to study for the ministry. During that time Rogers was among those selected 10 students who were to go to China for the World Christian Federation Conference for the term of six months. Being there he broadened his thinking so much that having returned home he started to doubt some basic religious views together with his own religious convictions. After graduation against his parents wishes Rogers got married with Helen Suiet. After the wedding a just married couple moved to New York City. There Carl attended the most liberal religious institution - the Union Theological Seminary. Though he was successful at this career, Carl once again decided to change the profession because the experiences he got while studying radically influenced and even changed his religious views.

Human resources management. Personal Case Study Reflection Essay

Human resources management. Personal Case Study Reflection - Essay Example Instead of hiring another architect to succeed him, the position was united with that of the SMA in an affiliate mall. Since the current SMA with expanded duties held office in another mall and only remotely communicated with Robinsland, a ‘stand-in’ was assigned with whom he could coordinate. This was Edna, who worked as technical clerk in the leasing department, a marketing group. Leasing was a logical unit to relate with the mall architects because they dealt with tenants. As junior architect, Charles’ main job was to coordinate with the tenants and conduct inspections of their units, making sure that they met the mall standards for repair and refurbishing. As soon as Edna began her new function, friction erupted between her and Charles. Edna was heard fuming: ‘OMG, Charles, you are the reason for all my problems! You are the technical person, you should know this!’ When interviewed by the Group Manager (GM), Charles expressed that he was always stressed, and he and Edna had communication problems. Charles was demoralised and was thinking of resigning. However, the GM felt that he had great potential in the company, and wanted him to stay, also because architects were getting harder to recruit for mall operations. Issues and their causes The issues in this case are squarely within the sphere of human resources management and deal with how individuals behave in relation to each other in an organisation. There are three principal issues that surfaced. Staffing The first is the issue of staffing, which is broadly defined as â€Å"the process of determining human resource needs in an organisation and securing sufficient quanti ties of qualified people to fill those needs† (Caruth, et al., 2009, p. 2). Specifically in this case, the issue revolved around the assignment of duties on the basis of convenience, not capability. The facts showed that Edna acted as bridge the role of junior architect and SMA, yet was not an architect. Expanding the scope of duties of the other SMA over two malls was a mistake because the individual occupying that position cannot effectively discharge his duties particularly pertaining to Robinsland. Charles may be an architect, but as a junior he has no prerogative to decide matters that Edna knew nothing about. Organisations’ staffing policies should require that the individual possess the skills and knowledge to discharge the duties. Motivation The second issue is that of motivation, defined as â€Å"those psychological processes that cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed† (Mitchell, 1982, p. 81). In this d efinition, the meaning of â€Å"goal† is admitted even by experts to be ambiguous. One construct can mean â€Å"achievement goal† such as those encountered in a school or sports setting (Shah & Gardner, 2008, p. 238). In this case, however, while achievement goal may apply, it seems inadequate in explaining the cause of the conflict. Aside from the purpose of achieving the goals of their functions, Charles and Edna were also motivated by personal goals – for Charles, the fulfilment of his architectural interests, and for Edna, the need to be recognised as competent in her new job. Supervisory training It is noticeable that Edna’s designation as â€Å"technical clerk† is rank-and-file and not supervisory. A supervisor is one who is put in charge of rank-and-file personnel and is the first line of management in the organisation (McConnell, 2011). The supervisor’

Stakeholders Project Organizations

Stakeholders Project Organizations To address the theme of project requirements, carry out research and, from your findings, draft Clearly structured notes that explain what is: †¢ Meant by the terms primary, secondary and tertiary stakeholders. †¢ The purpose of a scope document and what sections it should contain. Stakeholders Introduction:Stakeholders are anyone who has an interest in the project. Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the projects objectives and outcomes. The project management team must identify the stakeholders, determine their requirements and expectations and to the extent possible, manage their influence in relation to the requirements to ensure a successful project. Project Project Stake holder Project management Project Support Project Manager How a Stakeholders directly involved in a project Figure : The Relationship Between Stakeholders and the Project There are three kinds of stakeholders are involved in a project they are ivolved in a project internally or externally like that . Primary stakeholders Secondary stakeholders Tertiary stakeholders Primary stakeholders Primary stakeholders are those people and groups eventually affected by the project. Who expect to benefit from or be negatively affected by the change of project. In most projects primary stakeholders will be categorized according to socio-economic assessment. Thus, primary stakeholders should often be divided by gender, social or income classes, occupational or service user groups Primary stakeholders a direct link with the business- Customers. Suppliers. Secondary stakeholders: Secondary stakeholders are those with an intermediary role. They can be divided into funding, implementing, monitoring and advocacy organizations, or simply governmental, NGO and private sector organizations. Secondary stakeholders arent exactly participating customer and suppliers. Who is indirectly affected by the project plan. Forestry companies Landowners and or residents not inside the protected area but near Tertiary Stakeholders: Tertiary Stakeholders are those who are not involved or affected, but can influence opinions either for or against. Tertiary- can still have an influence, but are not involved or affected, but can influence opinions either for or against Those indirectly affected by the program neighborhood organizations, academic institutions, elected officials, advocacy groups, professional associations, skeptics, opponents, and staff of related or competing organizations. Local opinion leaders Local media Ecology departments of universities, research institutes etc. Scope Document Introduction: The scope document is a common term for at all document that refines and defines the requirements aspect of the triple constraint of time, cost, and requirements. In this general sense, it provides an overview of what the project is supposed to accomplish and clarifies how those accomplishments will be achieved. It may also provide the team members, customer, and project manager with insight on what is specifically not in the scope. Section contain This section summarizes some of the business issues around the project, including profiles of major customer categories, assumptions that went into the project concept, and the management priorities for the project. Vision Statement. History of project (Before) Assumption Risk Stakeholder User Vision statement: It is important to a project manager vision and scope document. It is also one of the easiest to execute. A project faces some problem when a project run a good vision and scope document will help in this time History of project (Before) History of project section contains a summary of the problem that the project will solve. It should provide a brief history of the problem and an explanation of how the organization justified the decision to build software to address it. Assumption This is the list of assumptions that the stakeholders, users or project team have made. the rest of the vision and scope document should be ready before the Delphi meeting and used as the basis for estimation. Risk It should be generated by a project teams brainstorming session. It could include external factors that could impact the project, issues or problems that could potentially cause project delays or raise issues. User This is a bulleted list of the users. As with the stakeholders, each user can either be referred to by name or role however, if there are many users, it is usually inefficient to try to name each one. The needs of each user are described. Task -2 To address the theme of how to grasp and communicate the â€Å"big picture† (a higher level view of the project overall, rather than a lower level view of, say, tasks for team members) carry out research and, from your findings, draft clearly structured notes that explain the benefits of visual forms of communication compared to, say, text or speech. Provide examples of the following visual forms of communication to show that you understand how they work and what information they contain: †¢ Lifecycle models †¢ Activity networks †¢ Mind maps Give a written explanation of how each of these methods may be used to communicate key ideas in a project. Introduction: Planning and estimating a project has never been easy. All projects have certain characteristics in common. They all have a beginning and an end. In other words, they do not continue on forever. Projects result in the creation of one or more deliverables. Projects also have assigned resources either full time, part time or both. There are other characteristics as well. All organizations can have projects. Projects can include building a house or office building, planning and executing a marketing campaign, upgrading desktop operating systems, installing a new phone system, developing an IT business application, etc. Throughout the course of a project the plan always changes due to certain events, Such as a change in the requirements. In order to support these frequent changes, a Good planning process is essential. It should involve Reducing Risk Reducing uncertainty. Conveying Information to the customer helps support better decision Life cycle models are: There are three kinds of life cycle model Waterfall model V Model Spiral model Waterfall model But I like waterfall model instance of V model and spiral model. It easy to dived into isolated stage. Which is perfect for project because one stage complete another stage started .so it is sure that the stage is complete. Each stage realize on when previous stage complete. Every stage has a miles stone. It is easy to know about a project to se Waterfall model because it has various stages V model: I cont like v-model because of: -emphasize on testing. Time consuming Waste money because of taste in all phases. Spiral model: its difficult to represent its not understandable to project team. Visual forms of communication System acceptance test Business Requirement Analysis Design Code test Integration Test Fig: Water fall Model 0 6 6 Task 1 0 0 6 6 14 20 Task 2 6 0 20 20 7 27 Task 3 20 0 27 27 7 34 Task 4 27 0 34 34 4 38 Task 5 34 0 38 38 2 40 Task 6 38 0 40 40 40 0 0 40 40 Fig: Activity Network Diagram Fig: Mind Map Life cycle model Written explanation Waterfall Model: Waterfall model is a popular life cycle of the project life cycle model . Often considered the classic approach to the project development life cycle, the waterfall model describes a development method that is linear and sequential. Waterfall development has distinct goals for each phase of development.. Once a phase of development is completed, the development proceeds to the next phase and there is no turning back. Advantages / Disadvantages Most-widely used process model Controls schedules, budgets documentation Tends to favor well-understood system aspects over poorly understood system components Does not detect development areas behind schedule early in the lifecycle stages. Business Requirement: what is requiring in a business to do met in order to successes of a project.Establishes the components for building the system, including the row matatiels of a project and other necessary components Analysis: in analysis stage of a project a project manager is accept the all knowledge of a project how to solve it when its solved (project). Design: The design defines the major components and the interaction of those components, but the design does not define the structure of each component. It is determine the external interfaces and tools to use in the project. Code test: Implements the detailed design specification this only for code and Determines whether the project meets the specified requirements and finds any errors present in the code. System acceptance test: Acceptance testing is conducted within the testing area .its purpose is to allow the customer to confirm that the complete system. A detailed acceptance test plan is produced prior to testing which identifies the test to be conduct. Mind map A Mind map which represent a project with a graphics. Mind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radically around a central key word or idea. It is used to generate, visualize, structure and classify ideas, and as an aid in study, organization, problem solving, decision making, and writing. Mind mapping, on the other hand, is a more intuitive way to manage projects, particularly if you have a lot of responsibilities and its easy to let something slip if its not right in front of you Mind map show the level Strategic, Tactical, Operational And who is responsible for a particular work of a project. Activity network Activity Networks is one of the most popular planning techniques. However, the activity networks diagrams have since been applied to activity planning for a wide range of projects. The approach is very scalable, enabling it to be applied effectively to the planning of activities spanning even a very short time frame. The activity network is a diagram that represents the activities required and their inter-dependencies, their start and finish dates and the time necessary for their completion. The resources required for each activity are also included on the diagram. Activity Networks are made up of a series of activity boxes, each of which depicts a discrete activity or task. It is easy to know of a project details by using activity network such as Early Start Time: Est. represent of the start time of a project Duration: How long time the project continues. Early finished time: when the project complete Activity description: this is which task is depends other task. Last Start Time: Last finished time minus Duration Last finished time: Last Start Time of succeeding activity Float Critical Path: once the resources required to complete each activity have been identified and the activity network updated to reflect these, then the start and finish dates can be added. With the shape and size of the planned area of work now visible, the total cost of the resources can be calculated. There will always be a critical path running through any project, from the first activity to the last. The critical path is defined as that series of activities that have zero float. The concept of float is central to critical path analysis, as it represents the ability to schedule an activity, or sequence of activities, within a flexible time slot rather than having to perform it immediately. This enables the more efficient management of resources across all of the activities in the network. How to calculate Float of a project Reading through activity networks from left to right gives the total duration of the planned work. Reading back through the network, subtracting each duration shows those activities that have any spare time. This spare time, known as float, is a very useful concept in relation to resource scheduling and smoothing. Float identifies parcels of time that can be used to introduce flexibility into the planned work, enabling the more efficient use of the available resources. Summary: project Lifecycles model which represent the Controls schedules, budgets documentation with graphics about a project .Activity Network which is needs for time management of a project such as est,eft lst,lft float,critical path etc, Mind Map It is used to generate, visualize, structure and classify ideas, and as an aid in study, organization, problem solving, decision making, and writing. Task-3 On the theme of team selection and management, carry out research and, from your findings, draft Clearly structured notes on the team working theories devised by: †¢ Tuck man †¢ Belbin †¢ Myers-Briggs Write a summary of how knowledge of each theory might assist a project manager in the selection and development of an effective project team. Write notes that show how to assess the risk of team failure, using a risk matrix to document at least TWO possible risk scenarios, such as loss of key personnel or infighting between team-mates. Summaries the contingency plans you would call into effect, if the risks were realized. 1700 SUMMARY of Tuck man theory: Tuck man model explains that as the team develops maturity and ability, relationships establish, and the leader changes leadership style. Beginning with a directing style, moving through coaching, then participating, finishing delegating and almost detached. At this point the team may produce a successor leader and the previous leader can move on to develop a new team. Tuck man theory basically consists of four thing Forming Storming Norming Performing How to create a project group Storming 2 Forming 1 Performing 4 3 Norming Forming In the beginning step of a project which is forming the team is assembled and the task is allocated Firstly. Team members tend to behave independently and although goodwill may exist they do not know each other well enough to unconditionally trust one another. Time is spent planning, collecting information and bonding. Storming The second step of a project which is Storming The team starts to address the task suggesting ideas from a project. Different ideas may compete for ascendancy and if badly managed this phase can be very destructive for the team. Relationships between team members will be made or broken in this phase and some may never recover. In extreme cases the team can become stuck in the Storming phase. If a team is too focused on consensus they may decide on a plan which is less effective in completing the task for the sake of the team. This carries its own set of problems. It is essential that a team has strong facilitative leadership in this phase. Norming The thread step of a project which is Storming in Tuck man model As the team moves out of the Storming phase they will enter the Norming phase. This tends to be a move towards harmonious working practices with teams agreeing on the rules and values by which they operate. Team leaders can take a step back from the team at this stage as individual members take greater responsibility. The risk during the Norming stage is that the team becomes complacent and loses either their creative edge or the drive that brought them to this phase. Performing The four step of a project which is performing in Tuck man model Not all teams make it to the Performing phase, which is essentially an era of high performance. Performing teams are identified by high levels if independence, motivation, knowledge and competence. Decision making is collaborative and dissent is expected and encouraged as there will be a high level of respect in the communication between team members. Summary of Myers-Briggs theory: The Myers-Briggs personality typology, unlike some other typing theories such as the Enneagram or Four Temperaments, uses a combination of several aspects to arrive at a composite type, based on the interaction and relative weight of different behavioral and attitudinal factors. The types are expressed as combinations of four letters, as follows: E or I (Extravert or Introvert) S or N (Sensing or intuitive) T or F (Thinking or Feeling) J or P (Judging or Perceiving) Summary of Belbin theory: The term Team Roles was first coined by Dr Meredith Belbin, but is now used more generically to describe team types. A Team Role is defined by Meredith Belbin as: A tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way. It is usually written Team Roles, but can also be found as teamroles or team-roles. Belbin Team Roles improve self-knowledge and understanding among individuals and teams. Team Roles depict a current behavioural pattern ,Preferences arent fixed, since many factors can influence behaviour, whether a new job, promotion or circumstances outside work. Co-ordinator Shaper Resource Investigator Company worker Monitor evaluator Team worker Completer finishers Specialist Co-ordinator: The co-ordinator is a person-oriented leader. This person is trusting, accepting, dominant and is committed to team goals and objectives. The co-ordinator is a positive thinker who approves of goal attainment, struggle and effort in others. Shaper: The shaper is a task-focused leader who abounds in nervous energy, who has a high motivation to achieve and for whom winning is the name of the game. Resource Investigator: The resource investigator is someone who explores opportunities and develops contacts. Resource investigators are good negotiators who probe others for information and support and pick up others ideas and develop them. Company Worker: Implementers are aware of external obligations and are disciplined, conscientious and have a good self-image. They tend to be tough-minded and practical, trusting and tolerant, respecting established traditions. Team worker: Team workers make helpful interventions to avert potential friction and enable difficult characters within the team to use their skills to positive ends. They tend to keep team spirit up and allow other members to contribute effectively. Specialist The specialist provides knowledge and technical skills which are in rare supply within the team. They are often highly introverted and anxious and tend to be self-starting, dedicated and committed Risk of Team failure Diagnosing Team Failure Teams are put together to combine the knowledge and expertise of team members, this helps to gain greater strategic thinking and enhanced creativity in business solutions. When teams fail to perform as expected, an attempt is usually made to pinpoint and blame the people responsible. However, the answer doesnt always lie in replacing the team or firing the ‘scapegoat but in answering the question, ‘what went wrong with the group as a whole and why? Unless we make an attempt to identify the underlying causes, its unlikely the solution will be found. Factors Identifying Six Common Problem Areas No Trust Between Team Members When team members dont trust each other or are suspicious of each others motives, the end result is a team that is not cohesive in its approach. Ineffective Interaction and Unproductive Team Meetings All the complexities of team dynamics come to the fore at the meeting. The meeting is one of the most critical aspects of the team process with strategies and innovative solutions to problems emerging during this time. Poor Role Clarity Role clarity is a must in a team situation. When roles are not clearly defined, this can lead to conflict and confusion on tasks. Losing Focus of Business Objectives If you dont know where you are heading, how can you get there!? At times a team fails because the goals are unclear to the team members. Faulty Analysis of Market Conditions and Flawed Company Policies At times a team can fail due to uncertainties in market conditions and an inability to read the signs of change. Poor Time Management A team should plan its goals and activities whilst keeping time constraints and deadlines in mind, otherwise their efficiency level in managing and implementing a task can Risk Matrix A Risk Matrix is a tool used in the Risk Assessment process, it allows the severity of the risk of an event occurring to be determined. http://www.databasepublish.com/solutions/project-services/risk-management The identified risks are collected into a Risk Matrix. The Risk Matrix includes the rating of severity, mitigation strategy, owner and contingency plan for each risk. These proposed actions are formulated to address the risks that can be avoided upon implementation of a mitigation strategy. For example Impact Probability High No Trust between team member High Poor Role Clarity High Poor Time Management Medium Faulty Analysis of Market Conditions and Flawed Company Policies Law Ineffective Interaction and Unproductive Team Meetings High H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/M Mitigation/Contingency Required H/L Mitigation/Contingency Recommended Midium M/H Mitigation/Contingency Required M/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required M/M Mitigation/Contingency Recommended M/L Mitigation/Contingency Optional Low H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required L/H Mitigation/Contingency Recommended L/M Mitigation/Contingency Optional L/L Mitigation/Contingency Optional Probability / Impact Ranking Chart for Risk Matrix of a project The company or organisation then would calculate what levels of Risk they can take with different events. This would be done by weighing up the risk of an event occurring against the cost to implement safety and the benefit gained from it. Contingency Introduction:A project contingency or management reserve is an amount the consultant or the contractor may want to include the unexpected resources that may be overlooked or tasks that may have to be redone because they might not work for the first time. Contingency provision is to cover the elements of unforeseen minor changes in the technical and design specification. Contingency Plan: A defined set of tasks agreed upon by appropriate members of the Project Team that will be undertaken to manage the Project Team in the event the Risk occurs, roughly equivalent to an organizations various Disaster Plans. Tasks should be assignable to a single accountable resource. Given the substantive effect that the Risk is judged to have on the Project, the Contingency Plan may be relatively short with the realization that if it is invoked, it will ultimately give rise to a larger Project Plan detailed elsewhere. Otherwise, the guidelines for granularity etc. of individual tasks are identical to those described for the Mitigation Strategy. All risks with a must have an associated Contingency Plan If the decision has already been made to cancel the project if the Risk occurs, the Contingency Plan should stat

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Should Same-Sex Marriage Allowed ? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Should Gay Couples Be Allowed to Marry?      Ã‚   Only in the states of Vermont and California are gay couples allowed to marry.   Same-sex marriage is very important with gay couples and activists in today's society.   On January 1, 2002, a bill became effective to give members of registered same-sex and opposite-sex couples the right to adopt a partner's child.   A reason why the Vermont same-sex union battle received so much nation press is because legislators were responding to a court order, while some ended up losing their jobs to same-sex unions.   Religious, government, and social groups have debated this issue and it is taking a long time for it to be resolved.   Same-sex marriage has some very distinct facts and values important to one's religion, morals, or even what his or her family thinks of the gay lifestyle.   Many Mormons oppose gay marriage because they believe offends everything religion stands for. Also, making love to another man betrays everything that is masculine and that people fear that gay people might recruit straight people to the gay lifestyle.   Many people are in favor of equal rights for homosexuals.   "They say that yes, gays should have the same rights in housing, jobs, public accommodations, and should have equal access to government benefits, equal protection of the law, etc" (Bidstrup).   Focusing more on this issue can help accelerate the outcome of recognizing same-sex marriage.   Same-sex marriages should be legalized and recognized because our government guarantees equal rights for all citizens. The government says that every citizen of the United States shall receive equal rights.   But, why did they pass the Defense of Marriage Act?   The Defense of Marriage Act prohibits the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages; in my opinion this act is immoral and unjust because it restricts the rights of gay and lesbian citizens. The authors of Gays, Lesbians, and Family Values, Elizabeth A. Say and mark R. Kowalewski, are distinguished writers on the subject of gays and lesbians.   They both are very conservative and believe in religious rights when it comes to sexual preference.   "On September 10, 1996, the U.S. Senate passed the Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibits the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages and allows individual states to refrain from recognizing them.

Case Study: Gambias Youthful Population

As Gambia is an LEDC, they lack the funds to employ a vast amount of doctors to the area. This means that for every doctor, there are 14,536 patients meaning that the inhabitants don't receive much healthcare. This has contributed to a relatively short life expectancy of just 54 years for a man and 57 years for a woman. The lack of healthcare available has also meant that there is an extremely high infant mortality rate of 73 per 1000 people, even though it is lower than it has been in the past. As many children die at an early age, parents tend to have a large number of children to help with daily tasks, to bring a higher income to the family and to look after the parents when they reach ill health. Gambia has a high birth rate of 40 per 1000 people because of this and in 2003, the average fertility rate was 5.13. What are the positive and negative impacts? Due the high birth rate, falling infant mortality rate and improvements in the level of healthcare available, the population has been increasing rapidly. In fact, Gambia's population doubles every 28 years and in 2009, it is estimated to be around 1.7million people. 63.55% of the population is estimated to be aged below 25 years and only 3.36% of the population is aged over 65 years. This had meant that there is a high dependency ratio of 86:100 working people. Each working person has to earn enough to support 1.86 people including themselves, which makes trying to earn a living in an LEDC an even harder task than it already is. In the future, it will become harder to find employment and accommodation and even more stress will be put on food resources, the infrastructure and the health service, which is already struggling. However, also in the future, there will probably be a large and cheap workforce. Overall, the Gambia's youthful population is not an asset to the country. What are the policies/solutions being put in place to help the situation? One of the solutions to the youthful population of Gambia has been â€Å"The Gambia Family Planning Radio Project†. This was a 2-year education, information and communication campaign which used radio dramas (named â€Å"Fakube Jarra†) aimed at less-educated women in Gambia in order to better inform them about family planning options and change their attitudes to family life. This project was considered to be a success, based on the findings of a survey carried out on 400 randomly selected men and women in 1991. Those who had heard the radio drama could name more methods of contraception than those who had not and they tended to have more positive attitudes to family life. The most important observation was that those who had heard the radio drama were more likely to use a method of contraception than those who had not. The number of people using contraception increased from 10% to 27%, so it nearly tripled. The Gambia Family Planning Association were the ones who initiated this radio campaign and they have also made many further attempts to alleviate the problems associated with a youthful population, such as running 8 family planning clinics throughout Gambia. The association focuses mainly on increasing awareness of the contraception available and knowledge of how to use it, whilst also encouraging smaller families and changing the attitudes of the adults living in Gambia. All in all, the results have been very positive.

Free Essays on Women In Palestine And Their Rights

When will this all end? My knowledge about the world has always been based on how the United States functions and the rights that are given to everyone and that’s including me, a woman. I never thought of myself lower than anyone else and especially a male. Everything has to do with how I was raised and where I was raised. Palestinian women don’t have the same gender privileges that I have. They have to suffer with having to be raised in a country where gender is a big issue and masculinity is what powers. This paper will mainly focus on the violence and the civil and political rights of women in Palestine. The dominance of male control in Palestine is currently threatening the progression of women rising above the constraints of patriarchy. It is however important to recognize specific cultural and religious practices of gender hierarchy that are accepted by Palestinian women. While keeping this in mind it is of paramount importance to keep sight of the consequences of abusing these cultura l practices at the expense of women’s liberation and development. If we as a global community can acknowledge the adverse effects of patriarchal rule and appreciate the fundamental role of women in society, the succession of women will most certainly follow. The consequences of the subordination of women have left perhaps no woman un-scared by its devastating effects. Unfortunately there are numerous examples that highlight the problematic consequences of patriarchal supremacy. One of the numerous examples that highlight this patriarchal supremacy is the violent crimes towards women. This section of the report deals with the connection between political and social violence in Palestinian society and the manner in which each of these forms of violence interplays with the other. There is also a focus on the forms of violence directed against women at the societal level and within the family, as well as a description of the laws, policies and... Free Essays on Women In Palestine And Their Rights Free Essays on Women In Palestine And Their Rights When will this all end? My knowledge about the world has always been based on how the United States functions and the rights that are given to everyone and that’s including me, a woman. I never thought of myself lower than anyone else and especially a male. Everything has to do with how I was raised and where I was raised. Palestinian women don’t have the same gender privileges that I have. They have to suffer with having to be raised in a country where gender is a big issue and masculinity is what powers. This paper will mainly focus on the violence and the civil and political rights of women in Palestine. The dominance of male control in Palestine is currently threatening the progression of women rising above the constraints of patriarchy. It is however important to recognize specific cultural and religious practices of gender hierarchy that are accepted by Palestinian women. While keeping this in mind it is of paramount importance to keep sight of the consequences of abusing these cultura l practices at the expense of women’s liberation and development. If we as a global community can acknowledge the adverse effects of patriarchal rule and appreciate the fundamental role of women in society, the succession of women will most certainly follow. The consequences of the subordination of women have left perhaps no woman un-scared by its devastating effects. Unfortunately there are numerous examples that highlight the problematic consequences of patriarchal supremacy. One of the numerous examples that highlight this patriarchal supremacy is the violent crimes towards women. This section of the report deals with the connection between political and social violence in Palestinian society and the manner in which each of these forms of violence interplays with the other. There is also a focus on the forms of violence directed against women at the societal level and within the family, as well as a description of the laws, policies and...

Dr. Seuss Essay

Dr. Seuss Essay Dr. Seuss Essay Jasmine Velasquez American Literature 2 Lesson 14 Dr. Seuss Biography Theodor Geisel Seuss is the most creative and imaginative author that is known for children’s books. Theodor Geisel Seuss was born on March 2, 1904, in Spring Field, and passed away on September 24, 1991, in La Jolla. Theodor was rejected by 27 publishers, but didn’t stop trying until he got published because becoming a children’s author was his dream. At the time of Theodor Geisel Seuss‘s death in 1991 his 44 children’s books had sold more than 200 million copies and the last book, â€Å"Oh The Places You’ll Go â€Å", was still on the best sellers list. Surprisingly, Theodor had no children of his own, but he did have a great understanding of them. Theodor Geisel Seuss is known as â€Å"Ted† to family and friends. He adopted the name Dr. Seuss because he wanted to save his real name for a great American novel that he would write one day. Dr. Seuss was originally considered to write books that appeal to the children. Seuss’ s first book â€Å"And to Think I Saw It on Mulberry Street†, was rejected by 27 publishers. No one wanted to publish his first children’s book because it was full of ABC fanciful creatures including the long-necked whizzleworp and green stripped cholmondelet. A new book seemed like a good idea, so when Seuss was aboard a ship crossing the Atlantic in 1936, he kept himself entertained by putting together words that rhyme from the ships engines. Seuss did eventually get published. One night as he was walking down Madison Avenue, Seuss was about the throw away his book, but ended up running into a former classmate Mike McClintock who had just been appointed juvenile editor of vanguard press. McClintock promptly took Dr. Seuss up to his office and they signed a contract for the book â€Å"And to Think I Saw It on Mulberry Street†. Two hundred million of Dr. Seuss’s copies of his books were sold. The forty four books that Dr. Seuss originally wrote, only fou r are in prose. If we were to add books that were illustrated by others or written by a co-author, or published posthumously, then the total number of books would be sixty-six, with only 5 in prose. Dr. Seuss is one of the most popular poets. One of the reasons he rarely received respect is because Seuss wrote for children. When World War Two started, Seuss began to draw political cartoons for the New York newspaper called â€Å"PM†. Books like â€Å"The Cat in the Hat† and â€Å"Green Eggs and Ham† were difficult to write for him because he

Applications of Graph Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applications of Graph Theory - Assignment Example In the case of Konigsberg problem, there were seven bridges that connected two islands to the mainland in Konigsberg. People wondered whether one could walk through the seven bridges once. Euler solved the problem by using the graph theory to prove that one could not walk through all the seven bridges once (Shirinivas et al., 2010). Concepts of graph theory are extensively applied in models and study applications in different fields. For example, graph theory concepts are used to study molecules, atoms and bond construction in chemistry. Graph theory concepts are also applied to explore diffusion mechanisms and to measure actors’ prestige in sociology. In biology, graph theory concepts such as vertex represent areas occupied by the particular species population. Edges may represent movement or migration path followed by these species. These concepts are also important in tracking the speed at which disease spread and parasite migration in the species. Several graph theoretical concepts are applied in solving different problems in operation research. For example, the graph theory concepts are used to determine the optimal assignment of tasks to individuals (Shirinivas et al., 2010). Computer science utilizes graph theoretical concepts broadly in many sections. These sections include networking, programming, data mining, security, and databases. Networking is a major area where graph theory is widely applied. The two major applications of graph theoretical concepts in networking are Shortest Path Algorithms (SPAs) and the Minimum spanning tree concept. Computer network refers to a linkage of one computer to another in order to exchange or interchange information. Computer networking depends heavily on theoretical concepts of graph theory. A simple computer network can be represented using the graph theory (Hart, 2013). Shortest Path Algorithms (SPAs) are graph theory concepts that are widely used

Rewards Managemnet of Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Rewards Managemnet of Apple Inc - Essay Example It shows the different kinds of rewards structures and the way each of them contributes towards enhancing employee motivation and performance and in what ways too. The various arguments presented by the researchers on the subject are presented in the critical analysis of the literature review. The rewards and compensation structure of Apple Inc has been provided in the light of the literature review and comparisons are provided against the same. Finally recommendations are provided as to the changes or modifications can be brought about in the reward structure in Apple based on the drawbacks of loopholes which follows from the analysis Introduction- Company background The successful corporate leaders have increasingly recognized the fact that their basis of competitive advantage in the market is their human resource or their people. They have also acknowledged the fact that organizations must emphasize on managing their human resource with greater importance as work environments rema in extremely dynamic and keeps changing with great pace. In this context the role of reward management for motivating and inspiring employees to deliver their best contributions in the organization cannot be ignored. The case of Apple Inc is discussed in length in this project. Apple Inc is a multinational corporation based in the United States that producing and marketing consumer electronic goods, computer softwares as well as personal products. The company is well known for producing iPods, iPhones and iPads. The company operates through 357 different retail stores across 10 different locations and is rated as one of the largest global publicly traded organizations. It also accounts for the largest technology company in the world market in terms of profits and revenues. The basis on which the company’s human resource management strategies are built is its recognition of the crucial importance of organizational structures and the people or the human resource which comprises this structure. The strategy demonstrates a complete response to competence, creativity, competencies and constraints which individuals carry with them or create at the workplace. In all its human resource strategies the company seeks to assure superior performance of employees and this is achieved through high end compensation and rewards management system. The idea is to create a workforce which is highly motivated to perform to the best of their abilities in the organization consequently providing a competitive edge for the organization in the market. Literature review on rewards management theory The theories on motivation and rewards management primarily distinguish between the two main kinds of rewards, which are categorized as being extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic rewards are in the form of money or other verbal reinforcements which are mediated from outside the individuals while intrinsic rewards are those which are mediated within the individuals or persons. Researchers consider a person to be intrinsically motivated to conduct an activity if there are apparently no rewards associated apart from the work activity itself. In fact all the theories of motivation considering the two kinds of rewards as developed by researchers and practitioners consider or assume the fact that the resulting effects on