3-Day Exercise Activity Analysis Essay

In this paper I will discuss my current exercise habits as well as discussing my Physical Activity Tracker results. I will also talk about how I can ultimately improve my exercise habits and how I can incorporate a workout routine into my everyday living and be able to use it throughout the entire year. My current exercise habits as of the present moment are none sadly to say. I am one of those people who do not work out. I come from a long line of people in my family who is very over weight. My mother and aunt as well as my sister suffer from high blood pressure and diabetes. I know that the fact that those things run in my family puts me at an even greater risk for acquiring both of those ailments. I have dieting on numerous occasions as well as work out. I am a single mother of 4 children and I also work full time as well as attend classes here online. It is really hard to stick to any kind of plan that includes diet and exercise, however I know that if I do not take action soon then it will ultimately be too late. I also worry about my middle daughters weight as well because she takes after my side of the family and she also has type 2 diabetes because of her weight so I think that creating a workout routine followed with a diet will have a positive effect on myself as well as my children. Looking at my Physical Activity Tracker my activity level over a 3 day period was very minimal and just included house work. It was described as light intensity activity and that does not count toward MIE minutes. The total number of calories that I had burned within that 3 day period was only 6,789 which when broken down comes out to a total of 2,263 calories burned per day. My weekly goal for physical activity was 150 minutes of aerobic activity per week and 2 days of muscle strength training every week. However I did not meet any of those goals at all. I know that I need to take more indicative when it comes to working out daily if I plan to get in shape and lose any weight at all. I believe that the changes that I need to make in my everyday life to be able to actually follow through with a workout routine and have more energy to be able to do so is to eat more healthier foods first of all, like green leafy vegetables and fruits along with taking my vitamins so that will help with my energy level. I know that I also need to start drinking water as I do not drink any at all right now and I know that that is very unhealthy. I think that just getting up and taking a walk around my neighborhood on a day to day basis will help. I think that I will start just by walking around a couple of blocks at first and then slowly increase that to 4 blocks and so on and so forth. I think that walking would be a great way to start but I also believe that doing some sit ups and leg lifts after I get my energy level built up after I start my walking regimen would really benefit me as well. When I was a teenager I had a daily routine of doing 50 sit ups a day along with 50 leg lifts. I did that for a whole year straight and I lost so much weight not to mention inches off of my waistline. I think that I will also look into joining a gym so that when it is cold outside I can go there and walk on the treadmill as well as use the other equipment, I have a friend that goes everyday faithfully and I think that working out with a partner would help get me more motivated as well. I intend to get in shape this year because I am not getting any younger and I know that my health is essential if I want to be here to be able to see my children grow up.

towards Vietnam

In 1961, under the President-ship of Kennedy, America took the middle path as considered to be the most conducive policy to solve crises in Vietnam. This middle path included sending of machinery and advisors instead of large-scale troops as was suggested in White Paper or as was being recommended by his advocators on a negotiation table. This decision proved futile as it accorded the increase in the chances of success of NLF.As more and more news began to pour in, tension arose in Kennedy’s government machinery and they escalated upon a plan of providing â€Å"Safe Hamlets† to the villagers developed by GVN. The main purpose was to segregate them from NLF, but this strategy too did not head to in any direction, as this resulted in alienating villagers further from the Saigon regime. This policy though helped GVN in reaching countryside yet ironically produced more cadres for the NLF. The years of war between 1963- 1968 in Vietnam were considered to be the years of Esca lation and Americanization.In 1963, as NLF was heading towards victory, Diem’s brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, attacked Buddhist pagodas of South Vietnam; this resulted in massive protests on the streets of Saigon, and several Buddhist monks committed self-immolation. This made Kennedy to send in coup in the same year. But some of the Diem’s own generals in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) approached Kennedy seeking request to overthrow Diem and on 1st November 1963, Deim and his brother was arrested and then later killed.But after three weeks, President Kennedy too was assassinated at Dallas. At the time of his assassination, there were 16,000 advisors. Though Kennedy’s policy was not much successful yet he was able to continue his war with very little military intervention, but as soon as new president, Lyndon Baines Johnson took over, his conviction and policy made him to show world, the military might of America. He took the firm stand and urged for attaini ng more powers after the raid of DAV on two of US ships in the Gulf of Tonkin shook him.But looking at the strategies being adopted by Communists parties creating hindrances in the war as well as in the political efforts of United States, the Johnson administration too advocated what they termed as â€Å"cold blood† strategy- a war but with very little resources and little effect on their own nation. But this also proved futile, as this war created an adverse effect on their domestic front to the extent that Mr. Johnson was forced to think on the domestic consequences of his every major decision.In 1964, Washington had made all the plans to send all military strengths as retaliation to Tonkin Gulf incident. By 1968, situation became worse when DRV and the NLF led unified attacks on the most important southern cities, which were known as Tet offensive in the West; its main purpose was to coax Johnson to sit on for negotiations. Though communists were defeated in battle yet it was psychological victory for them. As Johnson was totally burdened by the heavy weight of war and secondly opposition from his home front made him take a decision that made all the exercises of previous Presidents futile.He decided not to support re-nomination of Democratic Party for president and was ready to go in for negotiations with communists to put an end to war. In 1968, secret negotiations were started to end the war but soon Republican challenger Nixon took over the charge of President-ship who professed to have a secret plan to put an end to war. But this secret plan was nothing else then the strategic moves of Lyndon Johnson. He began what was termed as process of â€Å"Vietnamization† to bring to the ears of his own force that no Vietnamese was fighting in jungles of Southeast Asia and dying there.This made the substitution of air wars over the American troops who returned home. Nixon increased the air attacks over DRV and for ground battle sent, ARVN. He also a ttacked Laus and Cambodia to put a barrier and an end to the communists supply routes and their safe sanctuaries. This was violation of the international rights of these countries. The air war had a little or no effect on Communists, but they continued with their efforts to make more and more demands in Paris. Though Nixon’s approach made critics quite but his repeated attacks as a protective cover for the retreat of American troops irritated U.S citizens and paved the path for the U. S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and DRV representatives Xuan Thuy and Le Duc to think on peaceful lines of Paris. Many owe the strategic failure to President Lyndon Johnson’s policies, as it was during his tenure that America saw most of casualties. But according to Jeffrey Kimball, President Nixon was responsible for these states of affairs. He wrote in his much thought provoking book â€Å"Nixon's Vietnam War 1998†, that President Nixon must be held, responsible and account able, for the failure.It was quite true that America made wrong assessment of the strong folds of North Vietnamese in their soil and tried to resolve the problem with military strength, which was in itself a wrong move. Kimball argued that when Nixon took over the office, he was aware of the fact that this war could not be won militarily yet he resorted for war because only by showing their might, they could force Hanoi into negotiations favorable to Nixon’s view of honorable peace. His statement was based on the United States interest at the international level and on owing to his reelection. 4 Accordingly they wanted to endorse the President-ship of Thieu.This device was a strategy to take America out of Vietnam on certain terms, but there were many uncertain in-linking parts like risk from China, several schemes of negotiations, effect on societies and Vietnamization etc, and all did not prove to be as effective as was supposed to be. He believed his political success to b e based on the mad man theory: the efforts to make his enemies think that his opposition for communism was so strong that he could go to any extent like put in maximum force that would not only be accordingly disproportionate in size but also extremely dangerous.5 Along with this, there was certain element of uncertainty, a policy forcing enemies to think on multitude lines on one subject to confuse them. The years, 1962 to1969 were the years of great dissatisfaction and American’s strategic misnomers on the Vietnam soils. Vietnam passing through the strategic influence of three American regimes only retaliated harsher. Though the Nixon policy also could not be considered as full success yet his strategy at least paved the path for both himself and Kissinger think that the best they could have done was to promise Thieu government a â€Å"decent interval† 6 of security once Americans would leave Vietnam.Bibliography Brigham, Robert, Battlefield Vietnam: A Brief History, PBS. org. , (1 March 2008) Daum, Andreas Gardner, Lloyd and Mausbach, Wilfried, America, the Vietnam War, and the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Kimball, Jeffrey, Nixon’s Vietnam War 1998, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1998.

Essay on Poverty Essay

â€Å"I often asked what is the most serious form of human rights violation in the world today and my reply is consistent: extreme poverty.† (Mary Robinson, 2002) World Poverty: New policies to defeat old enemies, Bristol: The Policy Press, 2002, p. x1 This essay will account for and assess ways in which contemporary society seeks to end world poverty by doing the following. As poverty mean different things to different societies the essay will give a meaning for poverty that will mirror this; it will refer primarily to theoretical perspectives of, Amartya Sen and will draw on studies of Peter Townsend, then it will examine how malnutrition, lack of education, debt and unequal life chances can cause the cycle of poverty. Finally, it will inform on how world organizations like World Bank, United Nations and Steven Sinnot Foundation are trying to improve living standards of millions. There is over one billion people living in extreme poverty in the world, Poverty shows itself in many different ways; they include not having a job or any means of earning or making a livelihood; hunger and malnutrition; ill health; limited or lack of access to education and other basic necessities; increases the risk of untimely death; homelessness; unsafe environments and social discrimination and exclusion. (Alcock 2006). There are two types of poverty; absolute which is where people do not have the means to obtain the basic necessities to survive, they live on less than $1 (US) per day, on the other hand there is relative this is where people have jobs but the wage is so low that they cannot afford the necessities that others in their societies have, they could be relegated to absolute poverty with change of circumstance example becoming ill and having to give up work. (Gibbons, 2006). In 1995 in Copenhagen, the Millennium Campaign was created and agreed by 117 United Nations States at the World Submit on Social Development. The declaration dedicated the UK to the, goal ending poverty in the world through specific actions and with the cooperation of other international communities. After this task, forces were set up focusing upon different aspects of global poverty. Alcock, 2006), p, 48. Peter Townsend theoretical stance on poverty is poverty equals low income and a disadvantaged lifestyle, people are poor when they cannot afford to buy the normal things like others in the society in which they belong; they are  deprived of the lifestyle they should have. He sees poverty as relative. I believe that he was possibly influenced by the benefit system in the UK in which he was born. Whereas Amartya Sen see poverty as â€Å"unfreedoms†, his theoretical stance is that poverty is deprivation of â€Å"basic capability† not having the ability to work rather than not having any income, some of the reasons suggested are being too young or too old, gender and social roles, pregnancy and child care. He sees poverty as â€Å"absolute†. I believe his theories are influences by the society in which they were born and raised, a third world country with most of the population lacking the basic necessities to survive. (Alcock, 2006). Even in richer countries some groups within the society are very disadvantaged they do not have access to health care, education, jobs or any economic security. America is one of the world’s superpower yet it has the highest poverty rate of any rich nation, According to the census bureau, 15 percent of Americans or more than 46 million people, live below the poverty line, defined as an annual income of $23,000 for a family with two children. Of those, six million live in extreme poverty, with an income of half that or less. (Cornwell, 2012) One of the causes of poverty is malnutrition, the United Nation World Food Program projected that 830 million people go hungry each day, most of them in the developing countries with calorie intake of fewer than 1,800 not enough to keep an adult with the energy needed to lead an active healthy life or to be able provide for themselves and their family, it takes their dignity away. Of that number 200 million are children under the age of 5 years, they are underweight and ill, every year 12 million of them die of starvation, with so many children dying the future of their countries are gloomy. Another cause is lack of education, According to the United Nations International Labour Organization more than 218 million children one in every four are working in developing countries. 126 million are working in hazardous conditions, some work as servants for rich families, others work in agriculture and manufacturing, hotels they work long hours on very low wage, as result they are unable to go to school to learn skills that would offer them hope of ending the cycle that would most likely help out of poverty, so the cycle goes on. (Giddens, 2009) Trade, Africa, though one of the poorest countries is rich in natural resources such as timber and oil but trading with the rest of the world is  made difficult because of poor infrastructure, corruption the impact of AIDs on the population of working age. The rules of trade are very stringent and benefit the developed countries more than the poor ones, the poor countries are under cut by the rich as a result they are at a disadvantage. They end up with debt which they cannot pay back (Gibbons, 2009) Unequal life chances is another cause, there is an enormous difference in standards of living between people in rich and poor countries. 40 percent of the world’s poor live in poor countries, they live in absolute poverty. Almost a third of them are undernourished and almost all are illiterate, lacking access to basic education. Many are from tribes or ethnic groups that differ from the dominant group in the society in which they live as a result they are discriminated against. The high income countries accounts for 15 percent of the world’s population they are responsible for 79 percent of the world’s annual output of wealth. They have decent housing, enough food, they have safe drinking water and so many life comforts that the poor countries could only dream off. There are also large numbers poor people in those rich countries but they live in relative as oppose to absolute poverty. (Giddens, 2006) Education would make such a difference to these children and their families lives; it would provide them with skills needed to do skilled work, which would result in economic growth. Also educated people are less likely to have large families thus reducing toe world population. Education is an investment for the future; it is the quickest way to getting poor people out of poverty as seen in Katine which is an area in north east Uganda, population 25,000. A project called Katine Project is run in partnership with Barclays, The Guardian Newspaper and African Medical Research. It is structured around five key components, health, education, water and sanitation, income generation and empowers communities. It is centered on the schools in the area; its aim is to empower its young students. 4000 text books has been supplied to the schools, there is a 21 percent rise in enrolment with more disabled students, orphans and girls joining. Access to comprehensive education is key to the program. As a result of programs like these children world over will gain the skills needed to be able to compete for jobs, make informed choices, and become productive citizens of  their countries. (Engage, Issue six) World organizations such as World Bank, World Health Organization and The United Nations development program have tirelessly supported the cause of international poverty in different countries across the world. They have put together Millennium goals aimed at helping to get rid of poverty, some of the goals are to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water set in 2000, and they have produced annual report on the different aspects of the international dimensions of poverty. (Alcock, 2006) With so many millions of rich people in our world there should not be poverty on the scale in which we have examined. What is poverty? It is a type of cancer that needs to be cured, malnutrition saps energy away from people and as a result they are too weak to provide for themselves and their families they are left weak and helpless, Lack of education keeps people lacking the skills needed to give them a fighting chance of getting out of the poverty trap. Government s of the world have created Goals in an effort to end this travesty, hopefully these goals will be fulfilled and in the next decade we would have done enough to eliminated poverty. 1,529 words References Books Poverty in the United Kingdom, Peter Townsend, (1979) Sociology, sixth edition, Anthony Giddens, (2009) Understanding Poverty, third edition, Pete Alcock, (2006) Journal Articles World Poverty: New policies to defeat old enemies, Bristol: The Policy Press, 2002, p, xi Engage, issue six (The Steve Sinnott Foundation) Newspaper Article Rupert Cornwell, the Independent on Sunday 21 October 2012.

Genocide in Rwanda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Genocide in Rwanda - Essay Example Civilized society's insatiable avarice for power under a cloak of satiric sovereignty insists on the rights over another, consequently demeaning equal justice on hapless minorities. Conflicts escalating into full-blown wars allowed warring factions to employ every available resource to destabilize and eliminate its foe. Psychological warfare is nurtured to harden and manipulate warring tribes and minorities to fight the bloody battles against one another. Yet after the sound of the victory cry, the vestiges of war refused to settle and will forever haunt them throughout their lives. Pages of the history books will forever be smeared with the guileless victor without knowledge of his actual use as an ordinary dispensable pawn in the global economic struggle for race and power. The United Nation's dream of world governance as an approach to global bondage is permanently held in check by massive corruption and financial problems that have threaten to erase the organization into oblivion. Major capitalistic nations came out squeaky clean in the effort to portray an innocent face over their greedy interiors. The lowly patriotic nationals of the tribal nations in Africa seemingly submit to the manipulations of the sovereign powers aiding in their cultural battles and commit the vilest crimes of all, genocidal warfare. Men killing innocent women and children; well and sick; young and old Yet as we start to world start cleaning its mess, our fervent cries for equality calls for the investigation of these genocidal governments and prevent them from carrying out whatever future plans in mind. When the world saw the slaughter of an estimated 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus carried out by the Hutu militia in a period of 100 days, the Rwandan genocide stands out as historically significant in this modern world. We begin to see the involvement of Western countries which sent us an ambiguous signal that everybody was turning a blind eye on the Rwandans. The so called vigilance reflected the true nature of the violence unfolded where virtually all the first-world countries were quick in declining any offer of intervention that resulted to mass killings at the rate that exceeded the Jewish holocaust. Ample evidence revealed in Des Forges(1999,p.82)1, that the mass killing was well-organized as evidence presented at trials at the International Crime Tribunal for Rwanda supported such claim. According to Prunier(1997,P.3532), some militia members were able to acquire AK-47 assault rifles by completing requisition forms. Further Prunier (p.54) added that the leaders were able to exploit the highly-centralized nature of the Rwandan state. "The genocide happened not because the state was weak, but on the contrary because it was so totalitarian and strong that it had the capacity to make its subjects obey absolutely any order, including one of mass slaughter." Other weapons such as grenades required no paperwork and were widely distributed. According to Melvern (2000), Rwandan Prime Minister Jean Kambanda revealed3 that the genocide was openly discussed in cabinet meetings, and that one cabinet minister said she was "personally in favour of getting rid of all Tutsi without the Tutsi a ll of Rwanda's problems would be over." Belgium As

Patch work for university year one student Assignment - 2

Patch work for university year one student - Assignment Example James was a determined and hardworking manager who conducted research on the ways that help bring positive results in a company. According to him, the most important was the human behavioral approach as the company’s workers were core in any activity a company undertook. He spent a considerable good amount of time learning the behavior of the four workers and coming up with ways of motivating them to work hard in order to achieve the set goals. After a close chat with Olive, James found out that she performed poorly under close supervision but performed well when given the space and freedom to work on her own. Harry was motivated by deadlines and working under a little pressure and thus all the work which had little time frame would be given to him. The unique thing about the skit is that James had to indentify on his own the behavior of the other group members and this is similar to what the managers do. It was easy for James however, to know the characteristics of every pers on in the group as we are in the same class. A manager should also find it easy to know the behaviors of his or her workers as they are working together all the time and for an extended period. I have grown up thinking that attaining skills that enable an individual work in a certain career line is all that an individual needs to become successful but my view changed after reading the article on continuing professional development (CPD) (Scales, 21). The article states that due to the ever-changing dynamics in the world, mere skills and knowledge in a certain career field are not enough and that a professional needs to continue developing them. I was amazed by how simple a professional could continue developing in his or her related field. According to the author, the first step to this is documenting and keeping track of the knowledge, experience and skills that a person has. It had not hit

Privacy Policy And E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Privacy Policy And E-commerce - Essay Example The public becomes benefited for these advancements because of accuracy and handiness. But aside from these two areas, the business world has also utilized the services provided by modernity. Services and products offered by the different firms are used to be available on certain stores only, but with the growth of the internet, everything is just a click away. The web has broadened the business industry. This form of rendering services is called electronic commerce, or what is generally known as e-commerce. It is basically about distribution, buying, marketing, and selling of merchandises over systems that use computer network. But entering in this form of trade is not as easy at it seems. Some may think that the only essential thing to do is to create a website that gives the detailed descriptions of what you offer to the public, but actually, there are lots of concerns relating to e-commerce, such as the policy, privacy, security and the business processes, that must be considered . These are important factors for the guaranteed success of the chosen industry. First of all, the security of private data must be kept and accessed only by those authorized. This information is very significant because these are the fundamentals of the business. If these become public, users may find ways to take control of the management. There is a possibility of hacking the vital files which can lead to loss of profit. But with the foundation of e-commerce, this problem has been solved. Session identifiers are kept in cookies. This prohibits the exposure of main records. In some cases, the data are included in the uniform resource locator or URL, which is visible to all web users, but with the cookies, these remain private.

Questions based on readings Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Questions based on readings - Assignment Example Xcolonia is a country that has a comparative advantage in agriculture and textiles (Krugman et al. 55). Machinery production requires complex technology, which Xcolonia does not have. Easy export substitution would, therefore, be the best strategy for Xcolonia, where they export agricultural and textile products, and this will speed up industrialization. This strategy will help Xcolonia to create profits and reduce their debts. It will also trigger the productivity that will result to increased exports and greater efficiency. 2. By unlimited labor supplies the labor, the labor minister means that the labor supply in Xcolonia exceeds the labor demand. Thus is a characteristic of many small developing countries, where there is a labor surplus. However, most of this labor is unskilled and this may inhibit the growth since technical progress necessary for growth requires skilled labor. The Lewis-Ranis Fei model suggests that the economic growth take place if agricultural laborers are transferred to the industrial area, where their productivity would increase (Williamson et al., 44). This design is based on the assumption that the economy of concern is dual with a stagnant agricultural sector and a dynamic industrial sector. Therefore, at the point where marginal productivity equals zero, labor can be transferred to the industrial sector without any loss in agricultural sector. In the first stage of the model, there is disguised unemployment because the labor supply is perfectly elastic, and the marginal prod uctivity of labor is zero. This disguised unemployment is transferred to the industrial sector at the constant institutional wage (Fort and Ricardo, 27). Due to the constant institutional wage, the labor supply curve is horizontal at this stage. However, this does not last forever. This can be shown using diagram 1. 3. Land is a major factor of production, and an important asset for the rural and urban poor. It provides a

Classroom Instructional Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classroom Instructional Strategy - Essay Example Student uses his thinking, learning, and practical skills to follow a course of study or a lesson plan that is being implemented by the teacher. The term teacher's pedagogy is used to refer to the different teaching methods that a teacher will use. When a teacher determines the method of instructions there are a number of factors he or she has to consider these are: Another important aspect is the teacher's ability to deal with the different abilities of the students and the disabilities of the students. Sometimes the teacher has to do more than just teaching in the classroom that is going with students to field trips, supervise study halls, help in organizing school functions, and act as a supervisor in extra curricular activities. There is a possibility that a teacher while teaching might use a combination of some of these 13 ways. Though a combination might not necessary be more effective but in most of the cases it is. Another way a teacher can teach is by implementing every method not in the same class but in different sessions, meaning that in one session the teacher uses Lecture accompanied by a discussion and in his next session in the same class he can use Case Studies. As said before a combination would be more effective I will use a combination of method 2, 8 and 13. ... Another way a teacher can teach is by implementing every method not in the same class but in different sessions, meaning that in one session the teacher uses Lecture accompanied by a discussion and in his next session in the same class he can use Case Studies. As said before a combination would be more effective I will use a combination of method 2, 8 and 13. That is using Lectures accompanied by a discussion including feed back sessions and Presentation to explain things in a much a better way. Selected Teaching Method I choose these three methods due to a couple of reason. The first being that a lecture might be boring but in fact an effective listener can understand a concept much better when things are explained to him with examples during a lecture. Apart from this he can make notes while a lecture is being delivered, this helps a student in revising the matter he studied in the classroom. A discussion after the lecture makes sure in telling the teacher that how much the students learnt and what part was difficult for them. Feed back sessions not only tell the teacher how much the student has learnt but also help a student in realizing how well he or she is doing in a subject and what amount of effort he needs to put in the future. Presentations help a student in noting down important concepts of the course. Apart from this presentations help in teaching as it is said computer aided teaching has always been handy for a teacher as well as the student. Now I will discuss the advantages of these teaching methods and how must a teacher prepare for these methods. Lecture with Discussion This method makes sure that the students are involved in what is going on in the class, students can also raise questions and queries on things that they don't

How the book house rules reflects upon how a boy in a family lives Essay

How the book house rules reflects upon how a boy in a family lives with asburgers and itellectual challanges - Essay Example In her all absorbing efforts to normalize the elder child, the younger one is thoroughly neglected and he grows up to be a rebel and a thief. The various Asperger syndromes have been clearly shown. The mother’s anguish is visible through her own words. She wants to be a good mother and neutralize her kid’s life as much as possible; still she grieves at each moment when she fails in her attempts. The brother of the AS kid also draws our sympathy in spite of the negative image created by him. He is very miserable in life with an absentee father, an abnormal brother, a busy mother and no money to fund his amusements. His soul cries out for love and happiness and to find out happiness he peaks into happy families. With the passage of time, he becomes bolder in his endeavors and starts house breaking in the absence of the owners and stealing stuff that his mother can’t afford. He feels burdened with having to look after his brother and irritated at having his needs me t before his own. While, the AS child is given all the facilities and care, the normal child is left to his devices. Thus, we find different people reacting in different manner towards Asperger Syndrome that starts from fear and shirking of responsibility (father), over protective attitude (mother), to a feeling of resentment and burdened (brother). House Rules also reflects on the inefficiency of the legal system when dealing with people facing some physical or psychological disability. The legal system is created on the basis of normal citizens and when an abnormal individual falls in its periphery then it become increasingly difficult to save his soul. The judiciary system has been inadequately created to mistrust all abnormal people. There is no word such as â€Å"abnormality† in their dictionary. They would deal with an AS person in the same way as an ordinary individual showing no empathy whatsoever. Thus, over and above the House Rules deals with the trauma of a suffer ing family that has a child with Asperger Syndrome and the inadequate justice system reigning in the country. Asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder where the patient has difficulty in social interaction. The sufferer also show restricted and repetitive pattern of interest and behavior. This disorder is difficult to diagnose as the cognitive and linguistic development are preserved and are almost equal to a normal person. Hence, most of the time this disorder goes unnoticed. In fact, not many people are aware of this disorder and this is the reason that the sufferers do not get the empathy and treatment that they deserve. Jacob Hunt, the central character of the book suffers from this order and has to face several difficulties (besides the obvious ones) because of it. Jacob Hunt is an eighteen years old boy who lives with his mother, Emma Hunt and brother, Theo Hunt. His father had run away soon after Theo’s birth when he had been made aware of his first childâ€⠄¢s condition. Jacob is an intelligent individual with a very sharp mind but his drawback is that he is suffering from Asperger’s Syndrome and is hopeless at expressing himself and reading social cues. Jacob’s highly intelligent mind is revealed by his mother’s words in the first chapter itself: I’ve met so many parents of kids who are on the low end of the autism spectrum, kids who are diametrically opposed to Jacob,

Cyberbullying among teens and adolescents Essay Example for Free

Cyberbullying among teens and adolescents Essay Cyberbullying among Teens and Adolescences Cyberbullying is one of the major problems over the internet. This type of bullying involves technology and communication, such as the internet, social media, text, calls, and blogs. Cyberbullying happens when there is an imbalance among people over the internet, where someone purposefully says hurtful words to a next individual. People from the different race, age, class, and culture suffer from different types of cyberbullying through technology. According to Prince Edward, â€Å"Cyberbullying is being cruel to another person by sending or posting hurtful materials using the Internet or cell phone† (Prince Edward). Cyberbullying affects humans socially, emotionally, mentally and physically. Over the years cyberbullying have become more popular among teen and adolescence because their mental thinking is not fully developed and they act without thinking. The internet has become more available to the younger generation in different parts of the world. Trisha Prabhu mentions that â€Å"adolescents brain is like a car without brakes no stopping, no thinking, and no considering. She further mentions that adolescent brains develop from the back, which means that the front part of their brain is not fully developing until age 25† (Trisha Prabhu). The cortex is an important aspect of thinking and decision making, which is not fully developed in adolescence. This is the main reason some adolescence act without thinking because they are not mature to make decisions on their own. Cyberbullying is a big problem among adolescent and teens. They have become victims of social media violence, which causes depression and suicidal thinking among their peers. Bullying has been around for a very long time, even before the internet. I remember when I was in high school some returning students used to bully some of the freshman students by writing on their uniforms. Some of the statements were, â€Å"You are such a dick, worthless and you deserve to die.† This happened before I had internet access in my school. Robin Kowalski states that â€Å"As more people turn to the Internet for school, work, and social use, so too do more people turn to the Internet to take out their frustration and aggression† (Robin Kowalski). I think Robin Kowalski statement is too general because I believe that it is mostly teens and adolescents who â€Å"take out their frustration and aggression† on the internet, which leads to cyberbullying that push child to commit suici dal. According to Prince Edwards, â€Å"Increasing numbers of teens and pre-teens are becoming victims of this new form of violence. Although many different terms such as â€Å"cyberbullying†, â€Å"internet harassment†, and â€Å"internet bullying† has been used to describe this type of violence, â€Å"electronic aggression† is the term that most accurately captures all types of violence that occur electronically. Like traditional forms of youth violence, electronic aggression is associated with emotional distress and conduct problems at school. In fact, recent research by CDC suggests that youth who are victimized electronically are also very likely to also be victimized off-line† (Prince Edwards). Some teen and adolescence take part in cyberbullying because they believe it is a type of entertainment that gives them pleasure and satisfaction. Trisha Prabhu states, that Rebecca Sedwick an eleven years old girl from Florida received some mean words on social media, such as go kill yourself, you are so ugly, why are you still alive?† (Trisha Prabhu).   This shows how adolescents are evil and wicked to their own kind. These words could lead Rebecca to go kill herself because of what her peer think about her. Social media is just an addition extension towards bullying among adolescents, this is a new device that they can use locally and internationally to bully more persons in their social space. I totally agreed with Prince Edwards that technology should bring people together; instead, it is used to abuse each other; pushing peers out of their social network and pushing them into loneliness, embarrassment, fear or shame. (Prince Edwards). Social media have taken a different toll on teens and adolescents life in society. Sometimes people face bullying because they do not fit in the norm of their peer’s social space and their peers use that against them to push them out. As Alix Lambert mentions in her video, â€Å"it either you fit in or get out†, therefore it is a â€Å"culture of deformity† (Alix Lambert). It is great that Schobel created an app that allows students to anonymously report bullying, but how many children are brave enough to report the matter? Some of the students that face bullying, sometimes upload or share a goodbye video to the world or close friends. Works Cited An App That Let Kids Report Cyberbullies Anonymously. n.d. Don’t blame the bully, blame the system . Perf. Alix Lambert. 2014. Edward, Prince. Taking Stock of CYBERBULLYING Taking Stock of CYBERBULLYING (n.d.). Lattanner, Robin M. KowalskiGary W. GiumettiAmber N. SchroederMicah R. Bullying in the Digital Age: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research Among Youth . (2014). Rethinking before you type. Perf. Trisha Prabhu. 2014.

Organisational Change Models In Tesco

Organisational Change Models In Tesco Introduction: Tesco is one of the leading global retailers and the UKs biggest retailer as well as third largest grocery retailer in the world operating across Europe, North America and Asia. This business has been started by Jack Cohen in 1919 and he used to sell groceries from a stall in the East London. In 1929, the first Tesco store was opened in North London, Middlesex. Later on, it has expanded its business by a combination of acquisition of new stores, retail services by concerning the customers need and satisfaction. Now, it operates 4,331 stores throughout the world with more than 470,000 workers to meet the requirement of the modern market and it is not limited with its usual product range of grocery and general merchandise, it has diversified its business with electronic goods, clothing, banking and insurance services, telephone airtime and equipment. Tesco moves towards one stop shopping which means customers can get all their purchasing requirements from one place. Tesco has also expa nded its customer base through online with tesco.com and tesco.net website which attracts more than one million regular users. In this time, Tesco is one of the successful retailers in the world. Behind this progression, Tesco has changed accordingly time to time. In this context, it has undergone a technological change self checkout system. Tesco introduced this self check system as a trail on 5 March 2003 from East Dereham, Norfolk superstore. Later, it increases the no of self checkout system gradually from different store. From this self checkout system, customer allows to scan and pay for their shopping without any intervention from staff which helps to customer to save their shopping time. Tesco believes that it helps to increase the efficiency and speed up the shopping process as well as improve customer service. Although, the key aim of this change is to cut down the cost which allows the company to maximize the profit. This study will be examined how Tesco applied this change initiative and developed a change strategy, used change implementations models as well as analysed an organizational response to change and evaluated the impact of this particular change strategy. entifying a range of organisational change models or frame work. Organizational change is a deliberate attempt to improve organisational performance by changing one or more aspects of the organisation. Change may be successful when the appropriate change process is applied. For change process, there are a lots of change models and theories have been formulated by various experts and management gurus but for this particular change initiative of Tesco this study is identified some change models which are as follows. Lewins change model. Lewin developed three step model of planned change which explained how to initiate, manage, and stabilize the change process. This model defines three steps in the process of change management. Source: www.ic-pod.typepad.com Step 1- Unfreezing This step involves the organisation unfreezing existing attitudes and behaviour. Employees go through a process of unlearning old habits, old ideas and old perception how change will affect them. Step 2- Change This step involves a behavioural change. Employees modify their old ways and take on new ways of thinking about change how it should be implemented and how it can be positive rather than negative. Step 3- Refreezing The final step involves process of maintaining the momentum of change through locking in the changes, stabilising the situation, building relationships, consolidating the system, evaluation and support, preventing any going back to the old ways. Beckhard and harries model Organizational change occurs in a three stage cycle: present state, transition state and future state- Beckhard and Harris (1987). From above statement, we can conclude that this model focused on three state of change: present, transition and future. This model recommended that organizational change consists of an organization moving from a present state through transition to a desired future state. Present state refers to the current situation of an organization which contain organizations structure, process, people and external and internal environment. By analysing current situation organization can decide weather the organization wish to change or not. If the situation is stable, tranquil or satisfactory organization may be interested in change and identify new role, function or structure that it needs to adopt but it has not agreement or idea of a direction of change. Transition state consists to the structure, processes, people and environment of an organization as it undergoes change. The transition state is nearly turbulent and unsatisfactory level where existing structure and process that worked previous do not work well anymore and new structure and process deliberate to operate in future are not in place yet. Future state is the final destination of whole change process. It is the stage of that the structure process, people and environment are placed and an organizational change is completed. The organization achieved its desired future in this state. Change equation model Change equation model is based on mathematical presentation of change process which is developed by Gleicher and also called Gleichers change formula. In this model the multiplicative nature of change equation is: D ÃÆ'- V ÃÆ'- S > R Where, D= Dissatisfaction of current state quo V= Clarity of vision S= First step to be taken R= Resistance to change According to equation, change is only possible when the multiplication of D, V and S is excess the R. In other hand, the product of dissatisfaction (D) with the current situation, a vision (V) or positive picture of what is possible in the future and real, achievable first steps (S) people can take toward reaching the resistance to change (R). If any of these D, V or S is zero or near to zero the product of these three will zero or near to zero which means there is no resistance to. Applying a range of creative problem solving techniques to address change challenges Managing change is not an easy process and it is not always successful and arises with challenges. In terms of addressing those challenges (i. e. resistance to change), change manager can implement various creative problem solving techniques according to nature of change. Some of techniques which are implemented for this particular change process by Tesco are discussed below. Change path: Change path refers to the types of change which can be classified by extent of change required and speed of change that need to be undertaken for the require change outcome to delivered. There are four types of change revolutionary, evolutionary, adoption and reconstruction. The speed of change is about the way that change is implemented. It may be the gradually step by step change and one time big bang change. The context of change contains of transformation or alignment. Tesco has implemented this self checkout system step by step incrementally with time framework through evolutionary change to minimize resistance. It has brought this change as a trail in superstore later it gradually increases no of self checkout system in different stores. Evolutionary change Adoption change Revolutionary change Reconstruction changeTransformation Alignment Incremental Big bang Change start point: This is the where change initiated and developed. It may be the top to down or button to up approach. According to Food and Drink European.com on 6 March 2003, the strategic manager of Tesco Richard Dobb announced this self checkout system. As per this press release the change start point of this change is top down approach. In this change initial the readiness of change is low among the employee so the strategic manager decided to implement change initiative from top to down. Change style: A Change style is the management style of implementation of change. These change styles may be the collaborative, consultative, directive, coercive etc. These change styles can implement according to nature of change. To minimize the challenges (i. e. resistance by employees), Tesco has implemented collaboration style because this model focuses on extensive involvement of employees in terms of what is the change and how deliver the change needs. This approach works by creating pull and achieving commitments through getting people to invest in the change. The strategic manager involved employees in this change initiative through face to face meeting with focus groups. Change interventions: Change intervention includes technological intervention, political intervention cultural intervention and interpersonal intervention. Change roles: In order to manage this particular change Tesco formed specialist change team including strategic manager, human resource manager and IT director of Tesco and strategic manger Richard Dobb plays vital role in this change process. Identifying and justifying change solutions that link to organizational strategic plan. Basically, Tesco has been adopting growth strategy since its establishment time. It has a well established and consistent strategy for growth. According to corporate website of Tesco (www.tescoplc.com) its strategic plan is: The rationale for the strategy is to broaden the scope of business to enable it to deliver strong, sustainable long term growth by following customer into large expanding markets at home such as financial services, non- food and telecoms and new markets aboard, initially in Central Europe and Asia and more recently in the United States. Tesco is aiming to expand business aggressively. It wants to grow the core UK business, strength non food retailing, develop diversified retail service such as Tesco personal finance, telecoms and tesco.com. as well as putting community and environment in the centre point what it does and it wishes to stand as a successful international retailer. 2.1 Evaluating a range of change implementation models Implementing change is not an easy task because it is gone through various obstacles in order to get desire future destination. For implementing change initiative there are various change model such as Kotter change model, Action research model, Beer et al six step model, Balance score card, EFQM, IIP etc. However, this project examine Kotters change model for this self checkout change project. Kotters change model This model is developed by John Kotter and also known as 8 steps model of change. The key aspect of this model is change goes through a series of stages with considerable time framework. Skipping steps creates only the illusion of speed and never produces satisfactory results and making critical mistake in any phases can have a developing impact, slowing momentum and negating hard won again. Kotter describes the change process in 8 steps as follows. Create sense of urgency In this stage organization develops sense of urgency around need for change. Organization can feel need of change through examination of market and competitors situation. Furthermore, Organization identifies and discusses key opportunities and potential threats and develops the scenarios presenting what could be happen in the future. Form a power coalition team In this step, to cope with change efforts organization builds a team with enough power and authority and encourages team to work together. Create a clear vision In this step, organization generates a clear vision that is central to the change levers and develops strategies to execute that vision. Communicate the vision In this step, organization communicates the new change vision and strategies by using every possible ways and educates new behaviour using example of the guiding coalition team. Empower other to act on the vision This step describes about removing of barriers to change. Organization change the system and structure which challenges new vision and focus on risk bearing and new ideas, activities and actions. Create short-term wins Short terms wins are the foundation of what needs to be done in order to get long term change. In this step, Organization plans for visible performance improvements and creates those improvements. Furthermore, reward people who help to meet the targets. Consolidate improvements and producing still more change In this step organization analyzes what went right and what needs for improvement. To get further improvement organization revises systems, structures and policies that unsuitable for vision and employ encourage and develop employees who can contribute to implement vision. In addition it reinforces the change process with new project themes and change agents. Institutionalise the new approaches The final step focuses on assembling the achieved change into concrete shape. For this, organization builds alignment between new behaviour and corporate culture and develops means to ensure leadership development and succession to substitute key leaders of change. This model is easy to follow because this model breaks down the entire change process into small steps clearly and it focus on the acceptance and preparedness for change rather than change itself that helps to get easier transition. Another point is that it focuses on incremental change through step by step with requiring time framework and suitable for small organizational change too. Its only con is skipping the step results the complete change process fails. 2.2 Identifying the criteria to be select a change implementation model that supports organizational change. Tesco wanted to implement self checkout system in comparatively short time incrementally to minimise the resistance to change and to increase competitive power. In order to implement change initiative strategic manager has chosen Kotters change model because the change initiative has to implement relatively in short time incrementally. Moreover, this change initiative contains small technological change and this change model is appropriate for small change too. Tesco has implemented change initiative as follows. Create sense of urgency After analyzing competitor, Tesco felt that it has to increase competitive power and improve customer service to stand as a market leader. Consequently it looked new technology that can reduce cost and improve customer service because technology is developing rapidly. In 2002 Market and Spencer brought new technology self checkout system it was closely observed by Tesco. So Tesco decided to adopt self checkout system as a change project. Form a power coalition team It formed group including area manager, supervisor and representative of trade union with enough power and authority to make the change relevant. Create a clear vision The new vision of company is: Be competitive, provide the best customer service and incorporate technology. Communicate the vision To communicate vision, the team used companys website and cascaded message through area manager to supervisor and supervisor conducted meeting with other staff to talk about what the goals mean. Empower other to act on vision Change manger conduct education and training programme to teach the benefit of self check out system in order to overcome from obstacle. Special education session has been provided to employees who was creating obstacle to go ahead. Company announced rewards to staff from each store that helped to move forward to make the aims real. Create short-term wins After the succession of trail project, Tesco put report on website and articles have been published in news. Consolidate improvements and producing still more change Institutionalise the new approaches 3.1 Demonstrating the use of analytical tools to monitor the change progress and the effect of change The change affected the employees both ways positively and negatively in terms of experiencing change and changing behaviour and these change effects are analysed and monitored through survey, meeting, interviews and seminar. To find out perception of employees regarding effect of change the strategic manager decided to conduct a survey and it was found that most of employees are in fear of job loss because they though that self scan system replace their job. Some of were happy about that they get extra time to chat with customer. Some of were excited to learn new technology and they feel it is great opportunity for them. Some of were scared about the new technology what it really do. Some of were worried about changing position and work store because technology friendly colleagues were replaced their position. In order to study change related dysfunctions meetings were organized with area manager. It was conquered that people were in some pressure that they did not want to adopt this change because of job loss, changing position and work store, new technology. Interviews were conducted with the employees who expressed their reservations about the self checkout system. Change team promised to employees that no one lose job, it does not affect the position of any staff and they give effective training programme to be technology friendly. To measure the progress monthly seminar were conducted. During these seminars many staff showed great deal of eagerness as they were keen to learn about self checkout system and most of staff showed willingness to move forward with this change. 3.2 Assessing monitoring and measurement techniques to change with in organization 3.3 Analysis strategies to minimise adverse effect of change Change leader decided to follow Kotter and Schlesinger model in order to overcome resistance to change. This model contains six approach education and communication, participation and involvement, facilitation and support, negotiation and agreement, manipulation and co-option and explicit and implicit coercion. In the phase of education and communication, the change team communicated the benefits of self checkout system and its necessity to company. They convinced employees that self checkout system wont be the cause of any job loss and changing position and employees can get extra time to chat with customer by giving example of Market and Spencer and work store and they offered comprehensive training programme for all staff. After this step some of employees again abused to move further so the change leader decided to involve the team leader of resistance group in change team. However, some of employee who are relatively mature again created obstacle to go ahead. The change team conducted special training and counselling programme for these employees. The change team also promised that they will give monetary reward if the change is completed. Thus the change team have overcome resistance to change to move further. 4.1 Identifying the process to review the impact of the change. 4.2 Analysing the results of the impact of review To analyse the results of the impact of review there is two approaches quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative approach is phenomena which independently observable and measurable.